Buoying and driving mechanism for flying machines



Aug. 14, 1928.

' G. HEDEN BUOYING AND DRIVING MECHANISM FOR FLYING MACHINES Filed Feb. '7, 1927 ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 14 1928 UNITED STATES 1,680,680 PATENT OFFICE.

- GUSTAF Hanan, or NEW YORK, 11. Y. T

BUOYING AND DRIVING MECHANISM FOR FLYING MACHINES.

Application filed February 7, i927. Serial No. 166,426.

This invention relates to improvements in flying machines and has for its object to provide abnoying and driving mechanism having wings carried by arms fast on horizontal and parallel arm shafts rotatably and oscillatably mounted, each two'on' acommon longitudinal axis inseparate parallel transmission frames, mounted in and at each side of a body and rotatable in unison in a verio tical plane by separate bevel gear and rod connections to motors, and said arm shafts at one end of said transmission frames being provided with like bevel gear and rod connections to central parallel and solid 15 bevel gear and crank arm shafts, operated by lower parallel and also solid crank arm shafts, oscillated by inner eccentrics fast on said transmission frames, said arm shafts at opposite ends of said transmission frames having like bevel gear and rod connections to central parallel and hollow bevel gear and crank arm shafts which act as bearings for said solid bevel gear and crank arm shafts, and are operated by lower parallel and hollow crank arm shafts which act as bearings for said solid lower parallel crank arm shafts and are oscillated by outer-eccentrics, fast, like inner eccentrics on said transmission frames, and thus causing the wing arms to oscillate during their rotation.

Another object is to provide certain improvements in form, construction and arrangements of the different parts whereby the above and other objects maybe effectively' carried out.

A practical embodiment is represented in V the accompanying drawings in which 6 Fig. Irepresents in front elevation a portion of a flying machine which includes my improved construction. Fig. II represents aside elevation of the same. I v

Fig. III represents in side elevation an enlarged detail view of' one partially elastic wing arm with springs attached to its rear end and showing connecting holes for reinforcement wire of the front edgeof the wing. v

The body of the machine, denoted by 1, and in which are mounted motors 2, provides seven bearings at each side,-namely one for motor bevel gear shaft 3,'two for bevel gear drives, one for each of hollow main bevel gear shaft 5, hollow bevel arm shaft 6, and two for ho low crank arm shaft 9. 9

their frames when moved upward.

ear and crank The hollow main bevel gear shafts 5 which provide bearings within for hollow bevel, gear and crank arm shafts 6 are fast on two 'cccentric discs 10 and 11 which'are fast on outer sides of the transmission frames 12 and placed diametrically opposite on shafts 5 and at 90 degree angles to the said transwing arms 15 and 19, resp., which are proat their outer ends,

vided with springs S as shown in Fig. III. 1

Wing G has one side fast on reinforcement wire 17 andtwo ofits sides secured to the wing arms 15. In like manner wing H is fast on reinforcement Wire 20and wing arms 19. g I i V Vings G and H which may be made of silk, canvas or other flexible material are cut wider at their rear edges so that when depressed they will have a tendency to form a scoop andto evade the air by falling in connected by crank arms 24 and eccentric rods 25,

Hollow bevel gear and crank arm shafts 6 which have hearings in outer sides of transmission frames 12, in hollow main bevel gear shafts 5 and in outer side of bod provided at their outer endswit 1, are crank shafts 7,

arms 26 which connect by rods 27 to crank arms 28 of lower hollow crank arm shafts 9, oscillated by eccentric discs 10 to which 9 are connected by crank arms 29 and eccentric rods 30.

It will thus be seen that-wing frames 1715 are oscillated by'eccentric discs 10 and wing frames 19-20-19 by eccentric "discs 11. r

The rotation and oscillation of wing erated as follows The motors 2 transmit power by means of bevel gears at both ends of motor shaft 3 to hollow main bevel gear shafts 5 'to which they are connected by bevel gear drives 4:, double diameter bevel gear on 5 for high speed motor, turning transmission frames 12 and eccentric discs 10 and 11 in a direction from above-forward.

The rotation of eccentric discs 10 cause oscillation. of hollow crank arm shafts 9 to which they are connected by crank arms 29 and eccentric rods 30, and then of hollow bevel gear and crank arm shafts 6 to which 9 are connected by crank arms 28 and 2G and rods 27, and finally, of wing arm shafts Ll to which 6 are connected by like bevel gear and rod drives 16.

By this arrangement both wing arms 15 are forced to rotate and oscillate in unison.

The rotation of eccentric discs 11 cause oscillation of lower solid crank arm shafts 8 to which they are connected by crank arms 2. and eccentric rods 25, and then of solid bevel gear and crank arm shafts 7 to which Sarc eonnected by crank arms 23 and 21 and rods 22, and finally of wing arm shafts 19 to which 7 are connected by like bevel gear and rod drives 17.

By this arrangement wing arms 19 are forced to rotate and oscillate in unison, and wing frames 19- 2019 will oscillate in the opposite direction to that of wing frames 15-1715 as the former are oscillated by eccentric discs 11 and the latter by eccentric discs 10. l

By the same arrangements wing frames l9-2019 and 15-1715 are forced to oscillate in the opposite direction tothat of the rotation of the transmission frames 12 during their downward movement, but in the same direction while being raised or to rotate and oscillate in a, manner similar to that of the wings of a bird in flight, thus causing the wings to compress the air on the downward movement and by reason of their flexibility, elasticity as well as the looseness of their rear edges to evade the air on the upward movement.

The elasticity of rear parts of wing arms 1:) and 19 also provides for thepassage of air over the rear edges of the wings without resistance as well as an increased power of propulsion.

Steering in the horizontal plane is attained by operation of rudders placed at the rear of car or fuselage, not shown on drawing. in such positions as will enable them to 'catchthe air currents thrown by the descending wings.

Steering in the vertical planemay be accomplished by the increase or decrease in the speed of the motors as well as by rudders in lighter machines.

What I claim is:

1. A flying machine, comprising a body having at each side separate parallel transmission frames rotatably mounted therein, said transmission frames being rotatable in a vertical plane and having at each end horizontal rotatable and oscillatable shafts mountedseparately therein in pairs on :1 connnon longitudinal axis, said shafts having partially elastic parallel wing arms rigidly afiixcd thereto, flexible wings with taut or still' front edges and loose rear edges mounted between each two wing arms at same ends of said transmission frames, means for rotating the transmission frames in unison and means for oscillating the wing arms in said transmission frames in such manner that their oscillation is in the opposite direction to that of the rotation of said trans mission frames in their descent but in the same direction in their ascent.

2. A flying machine, comprising flexible and elastic wings with taut or still front edges and loose rear edges, mounted on and between partially elastic and parallel wing arms rigidly allixed to separate parallel shafts, oscillatably mounted in pairs on a common longitudinal axis at each end in separate parallel and in a vertical plane rotatable transmission frames, rotatably mounted in and at each side of a body, means for rotating the transmis'on frames in unison and means for oscillating the wing arms in the transmission framts in such manner that their oscillation is in the opposite direction to that of the rotation of the transmis sion frames in their descent but in the same direction in their ascent.

3. A flying machine, comprising flexible wings with taut or stiff front edges and loose reaucdges, mounted on and between parallel wing arms rigidly allixed to pan allel shafts, rotatably and oscillatably mounted in pairs on a common longitudinal axis at each end of separate parallel and in a vertical plane rotatable transmission fran'ies, rotatably mounted in and at each side of a body, means for rotating the transmission, frames in unison and means for oscillating the wingv arms in the transmission frames in such manner that their oscillation is in the opposite direction to that of the rotation of the transmission fran'u-s in thcir deseent but in the same direction in their ascent.

Signed at New York city in the county of Bronx andState of New York this -lth day of February A. D. 1927.

GUSTAF HEDEN. 

